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Writer's pictureBrenna Reistad

Virus: How it Works

Symptoms / Timeline


  • Week 1 (Days 1 – 7)

  • NO symptoms

  • Week 2 (Days 8 – 14)

  • Flu-like cold that get worse as the week continues

  • Body aches

  • Coughing

  • Fever

  • Headache

  • Nausea

  • Numbness and tingling around body

  • Sneezing

  • Sore throat

 

  • Week 3/Day 8 of infection (Day 15)

  • Hour 1-2

  • Lose coordination and strength to walk or crawl

  • Easily irritable and aggressive, but lack strength to attack or cause harm

  • May panic or be paranoid

  • Delirium

  • Becomes difficult to

  • Think

  • Remember

  • Sleep

  • Pay attention

  • Hour 3-4

  • Physical coordination failure moves to arms and hands

  • Continued delirium 

  • Hallucinations 

  • Confusion 

  • Speech becomes slurred and unable to be understood

  • Unable to move

 

  • Hours 5-6

  • All ability to rationalize deteriorates completely

  • Stares as walls or things for prolonged periods without actual focus

  • Does not respond to stimuli (pain, hot, cold)

  • Body is numb

  • Fall into coma

 

  • After coma (5min – 1 hour)

  • Victim rouses out of sleep and violently attacks anything it perceives as food


Symptoms / Timeline: Immune


  • Week 1 (Days 1-7)

  • NO symptoms

  • Week 2 (Days 8 – 12)

  • Flu-like cold that get worse as the week continues

  • Body aches

  • Coughing

  • Fever

  • Headache

  • Nausea

  • Numbness and tingling around body

  • Sneezing

  • Sore throat

 

  • Week 2: (Day 13)

  • Overwhelmed by an urge to sleep

  • Will respond and awaken to stimuli like pain, but will immediately go back to sleep

  • Is nearly impossible to rouse but not mimicking coma

  • Will sleep a full 12-24 hours

 

  • Week 2: (Day 14 – 15)

  • Wake up from exhausted state 

  • Feeling better

  • Fever broken

  • Some flu symptoms still present

  • Spend at least 3 days recovering while symptoms clear up



How is the virus spread?

 

  • Airborne

  • Someone infected sneezes or coughs on you and body fluid is absorbed into the body somehow

 

  • Contagious Body Fluids/Blood

  • Amniotic fluid

  • Body fluid that is visibly contaminated with blood.

  • Blood 

  • Cerebrospinal fluid

  • Peritoneal fluid

  • Pleural fluid

  • Saliva (in dental procedures), and

  • Semen

  • Synovial fluid

  • Vaginal secretions

  • scratches from infected containing blood or other contaminated fluids under their fingernails 

  • you poked a recently dead body and got fluid on you that was absorbed 

 

  • Tissues that will absorb the above liquids on contact 

  • Mucus membranes (soft tissues like eyes, inner nose, and mouth)

  • Open sores

  • Cuts

  • Abrasions

  • Acne

  • Any sort of damaged or broken skin such as sunburn or blisters

 

  • Eating Contaminated Meat

  • Infected humans that have been recently killed

  • Infected Beef 

  • Note: Even if you cook the meat, the virus is still active

Note: If you are immune, you can’t get sick from contaminated meats



Effects On the Brain

Rabies:

  • Attacks

  • Hippocampus

  • Amygdala

  • Hypothalamus

  • Centers for memory, fear, emotion

 

  • Alter cell function

  • Releases neurotransmitters like

  • Serotonin

  • GABA

  • Endogenous opioids

  • Using the host's chemistry against the host

 

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (which regulates anger) is damaged (resulting in hyper-aggression 

  • Be careful though as lesions would cause the opposite and slow down the attack behavior

  • Ventromedial Hypothalamus – damaged. Creates hyperphagia, excessive hunger, and thirst.

  • Heightened levels of chemokines (creates an inflammatory response to fight infection)

 

  • Central Amygdala (CeA) - stimulation = hunting 

  • CeA projects to the reticular formation (PCRt) = biting 

  • CeA projects to the periaqueductal gray (PAG) locomotion during pursuit 

  • CeA combines the above in goal-directed behavior, hunting and eat

 

  • Amygdala (the part that responds to stimulus and decides how to react- panic/fear/anger/lust/etc.)

 

  • Frontal lobe (thought process)- must be active enough to receive direction from the thalamus (sensory input)

 

  • Motor Cortex- must be active with the frontal lobe to correspond to movement

 

  • The thalamus (sensory input) then must be active and able to communicate with the frontal lobe (thought process)

 

  • The anterior cingulate cortex (excites or calms the amygdala)- must be dysfunctional, rendering it unable to modulate feelings of anger. (THIS EQUALS HYPER AGGRESSION WHICH WE ARE SEEING. Highly plausible.)

 

  • Cerebellum (balance) and Basal Ganglia (coordination) together = (make motions smooth/fluid)- degeneration of this area (ataxia) can cause "a wide-legged, unsteady, lurching walk, usually accompanied by a back and forth tremor in the trunk of the body…"

 

  • Mirror Neurons (area that creates empathy)- if the damage would not care about violence done to others

 

  • The Ventromedial Hypothalamus- (the region of the brain that lets you know whether you've eaten enough.) If damaged the result is hyperphagia. You will eat and eat and eat, but never feel satiated.

  

---

 

  • The periaqueductal gray (PAG) is essential for the expression of both the hunting behaviors performed by predators and the defensive behaviors performed by prey. PAG recognizes and generates appropriate behaviors in response to a variety of aversive stimuli including pain and hypoxia.

 

  • Fos = gene that marks cell activation. 

 

  • Fos found in rostral dorsomedial and dorsolateral PAG, caudal lateral, ventrolateral PAG

 

 rostrolateral PAG

  • Rostrolaterap PAG = oculomotor nucleus, an area critical for predatory behavior in animals 

  • Lesions to rost. PAG greatly reduces the incidents of attacking and chasing prey

  • Switches from maternal to predatory behavior

  • Opioid-dependent 

  • Sends efferent projections to orexinergic neurons in the lateral hypothalamus. Rewarding feelings

  • Could be projecting into the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, hypothalamus

 

  • The central nucleus of the amygdala

  • Inhibitory projections to the ventral PAG

  • Activation of this area = prey pursuit

 

  • Lateral hypothalamus

  • Projection to the ventral PAG = made up of GABAergic neurons (drive predatory attack)

 

  • Medial preoptic area

  • Projection to the ventral PAG = hunting behavior towards inanimate objects and natural prey

 

 

 

So

  • medial preoptic area

  • sends glutamatergic projections

  • central amygdala & lateral hypothalamus

  • project GABAergic projections

=

  • targets different cell types within the micro-circuitry  of the PAG

  • leading to a coordinated behavioral output

 

  • stimulation of single pretectal neurons can induce predatory behavior

 

  • two classes of pretectal neuron that project to ipsilateral optic tectum or the contralateral tegmentum. Optogenetic stimulation of single neurons of either class was able to induce sustained hunting sequences, in the absence of prey

  • stimulation of the anterior-ventral tectum

  • and optogenetic stimulation of the anterior-ventral tectal region

 

Coma =

  • damage to 

  • cerebral cortex

  • reticular activating system (RAS)

 

Persistent Vegetative State

 

  • Can

  • some cognitive function ‘primary’

  • 0 association or awareness

  • No pain

  • Open eyes move eyes

  • Sleep wake patterns

  • Breathe et

  • Startled by noises

  • Appear to smile or frown (muscle not control)

  • May be aware of surroundings

  • May grab objects if touches hand

 

  • Cant

  • Make conscious movements

  • Conscious intention

  • Speak

  • Follow commands

  • Move purposefully

  • Avoid painful stimuli



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